Air Pollution: Types, Sources, Causes, Effects, Controls

Air pollution is the addition of harmful materials for Chemicals into the atmosphere and that affects human and other desirable species adversely.

Air pollution is both type of pollution, natural and man-made, It is also harmful to nature and natural resources. The estimated amount of air pollutants is 1 x 10000000000000 tonnes. Pollutants added by human activities is 5 x 1000000000 tonnes. we have to start adopting Eco-friendly methods for energy production to reduce pollution.

What is Air Pollution?

“Air pollution is Contamination or mixture of solid particles, Dust Particles and various gases in the environmental air that makes it dirty and unhealthy. Polluted air is also harmful to biotic and abiotic components of the earth.

Air gets polluted when vapours of toxic chemicals, Fuels from Vehicles, chemicals from factories, dust, pollen grains from plants and mold spores mixed into the fresh air. Smog is one of the very popular examples of Air Pollution can be seen in big cities. Delhi has majorly affected the city of India.

Due to Covid 19 all types of human activities were stopped so that all types of pollutions are reduced very fast. We can not play with nature. nature is very dangerous when we harm it.

Types of Air Pollution

Air pollution can be categorized into two categories 1. Natural Air Pollution and 2. Man- made or Anthropogenic Air Pollution

Natural Air Pollution: Natural Air Pollution caused by Natural Activities such as volcanic eruptions, Forest Fire etc. Some other natural pollutants are organic compounds from plants, sea salt, suspended soils and dust, Ozone. Ozone is one of the most common natural air pollutants in nature at the global level.
Man-Made Air Pollution: Man-made or Anthropogenic Air Pollution caused by Human Activities such as Indrustilization, Urbanization, Transportation etc. Sulphur dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Benzopyrene, Soot, Oxides of Nitrogen, Lead, Ammonia are important air pollutants released from human activities.

What Causes Air Pollution?

Air is mainly polluted by poisonous gases and substances which are not desirable. These pollutants are released by burning fossil fuels.

These are the primary air pollutants which are majorly responsible for air pollution in the nature.

Sulphur dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Benzopyrene
Soot
Oxides of Nitrogen
Lead
Ammonia

Soot is released from unburned fuel and benzopyran released from cigarette smoke.

Secondary air pollutants are ozone, PAN (peroxyacetyl nitrate), sulphuric acid, aldehydes, peroxide. Secondary air pollutants constituent of photochemical smog which affects the photosynthesis process in plants. Peroxyacetyl nitrate causes eye burning. It also checks Hill reaction of photosynthesis.

Effects of Air Pollution

It can cause death: Polluted air can cause death. Bhopal episode is a very famous example of air pollution. It happens on 2nd December 1984. In this incident about 3000 in human being died. Due to the leakage of methyl isocyanate. Methyl isocyanate is a toxic gas.

Chlorosis: Chlorosis is the disappearance of chlorophyll in plant leaves. Chlorosis is caused by Sulphur Dioxide Nitrogen dioxide Ozone and chlorides.

Greenhouse effect: Heavy industrialization and transportation are responsible for the greenhouse effect. When CO2 concentration increased it absorb heat radiation and thus increases the temperature of the environment. This process is called a Greenhouse effect. This process increases the temperature at a global level so it is also known as global warming.

Chlorofluorocarbon, methane, ozone, nitrous oxide aur also so for greenhouse effect. But cO2 is mainly responsible for that.

Crop losses: Smoke is caused by air pollution. This is move causes heavy loss of crop. Smoke damage leafy vegetables serials textile crops or ornamental plants fruits and forest trees in the nature.

Deterioration of buildings: Sulphur dioxide has adverse effect on sculptures buildings and the painted surfaces. Sulphur dioxide is also causes the discoloration and deterioration of buildings sculptures and painted surfaces. Divide a Taj Mahal becoming yellowing and blackening due to Sulphur dioxide.

Respiratory disorders: There are so many adverse effects on respiratory system of organisms. Premature science any sense and obsession is promoted by excessive ethylene in plants. Nasal and respiratory tracts get affected by aldehydes.

Vomiting: Sulphur dioxide is also responsible for vomiting. When Sulphur dioxide is in excess quantity it causes vomiting in human being.

Air pollution is also responsible for low oxygen-carrying capacity, coughing, headache, cancer, mutation, cardiac diseases, pneumonia silicosis. Depletion of Ozone. Acid rain,

Prevention of Air Pollution

Air pollution is not a problem of any country, this is a global problem. to reduce air pollution, every people in every country have to participate. We have to adopt all those techniques and equipment which are helpful in the control of air pollution. These are some very important practices which should be adopted by each and every country of the earth.

We have to reduce the emission of exhaust from automobiles
Smoke and dust should be reduced by electrostatic precipitation
We have two separate many gases like Ammonia sulphur dioxide with the help of scrubber.
All the vehicles should be based on compressed natural gas (CNG)

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