Know About Meaning or Definition of Wild Life Conservation, Types of Wild Life Conservation (Ex-situ and In- Situ), Importance of Wild Life Conservation in Detail with examples.
Before knowing wildlife conservation we Should know About What is Wildlife. Those Undomesticated Animal Wpecies which grow or live wild in an area without being introduced by human beings are known as wildlife. Wildlife can we found in all types of ecosystems of the earth. The term “Wild life” used for undomesticated animals as well as plants which form part of any Habitat in nature
Animals may be invertebrates or vertebrates. Some examples of invertebrates are Bees, Butterflies, Motes, Crustaceans etc. Some examples of vertebrate animals are fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.
Meaning or Definition of Wild Life Conservation
Wildlife conservation is the practice of protecting wild species. Habitats of different species also being protected to prevent species from going extinct. Human activities are responsible for the extinction of so many wildlife species.
Pollution, hunting of species, overexploitation of resources, destruction or degradation of habitats, are some activities of human which is responsible for climate change. Climate change ultimately responsible for the extinction of species in nature.
Some wild species of animals are so characteristic because they become symbols of their home countries. We can easily understand this thing with examples. the tiger is associated with India whereas White bear is associated with Russia. The giant panda is an animal of China whereas kangaroo is the Australian animal. Kiwi found in New Zealand and springbok found in South Africa.
Wildlife conservation in India
Bombay Natural History Society is a voluntary organisation of India founded in 1883. Bombay Natural History Society has been involved in wildlife conservation since last century. As we know that most of the British officers were fond of Game Hunting due to this so many wildlife animals were killed.
But apart from this few right thinking officers Were are also playing their important role to understand the importance of wildlife. They were concerned about the need for wildlife conservation wrote books about Indian wildlife and declared certain forest as protected areas in India.
Some mild legislative steps were also taken by the British rule in the year 1873 to protect the wildlife but in earnest effort for wildlife conservation bus made only after independence (After 1947).
Indian board for wildlife (IBWL) introduced by the Central Government of India for advising the government for conserving our valuable wildlife. After the formation of Indian board for wildlife (IBWL) subsequently state wildlife boards were also constituted in some Indian states.
To provide legal protection for wildlife, Indian government introduces a comprehensive Wildlife Protection Act in 1972. This act formed for the nationalisation of already declared Reserves, for setting up of national parks and sanctuaries in India. According to this act, there is a severe punishment to poachers.
Another important legislative step by the Indian government was the 42nd amendment in the Indian Constitution. This amendment empowering the central government to ensure Wildlife Protection and to acquire forest for this purpose. Later the forest bill of 1980 forbade deforestation of any forest for non-Forestry purpose without the permission of the central government of India.
Because of the above mentioned legislative steps taken by the Indian government, India became an important signatory to several international bodies such as the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), World Wildlife Fund (WWF), Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) etc.
Types of Wild Life Conservation
According to the world convention of conservationists, wildlife conservation may be of two types. 1. Ex-situ conservation, 2. In- situ conservation.
A) Ex-situ conservation
Ex-situ conservation is the way to protect wildlife by providing artificial habitats. In the case of Ex-situ conservation, there is a need for the establishment of rehabilitation centre endangered species of wild animals. According to National wildlife Action Plan founded in 1983, these are some activities of Ex-situ conservation of.
The first step of Ex-situ conservation is to capture some individuals of concerned species from their natural habitats and bring these to the centre of Ex-situ conservation.
There is a need for thorough study of the feeding breeding and other habits and the disease of concerned species.
Ex-situ conservation provides all facilities to these animals for captive breeding and healthy growth of their brood.
Ex-situ conservation releases and rehabilitates the young ones of these animals after a certain safe is into their natural habitats
India several rehabilitation centres have been stabilized. Uttar Pradesh government has stabilized a rehabilitation Centre for musketeer at Kanchula Kharak Chamoli. Kukrail forest is also a big rehabilitation centre in Lucknow Uttar Pradesh. Evolution of Turtles and crocodiles also has been achieved here in Uttar Pradesh.
Examples of Ex-situ conservation – Zoo, Botanical Gardens
B) In- situ conservation
In- situ conservation is the protection of wild animals in their natural habitats. In- situ conservation necessitates conservation of Terrestrial and aquatic natural habitats of the wild animals. These habitats are generally declared as a prohibited Reserves. The entry of general peoples is strictly prohibited in these types of habitats.
National parks and Sanctuaries are examples of In- situ conservation.
Importance of Wild Life Conservation
Wildlife conservation is very important because it has a lot of ecological importance, commercial importance and recreational importance.
Man and wild animals have evolved together on the earth. All life forms present on the earth is one and all living things are inextricably interlinked in the form of food chains.
Destruction of wildlife cause imbalance in the ecological equilibrium resulting in severe consequences. Protection of every animal species is of great importance to the quality of life and to the survival of man himself also. We will not be able to avoid extension ourselves if we continue overexploitation of natural resources.
Wildlife is a renewable resource. It can yield good dividends and even earn foreign exchanges with proper care and Management. The commercial value of wildlife is best seen in marine fisheries. the annual output of Marine fisheries is about 100 million tons of seafood worth billions of rupees.
In several countries of Europe and America, millions of peoples hunt for fish for recreation spending billions of dollars on this sports.
Most of the wildlife species are providing direct benefits to humans. So many wildlife species helps to study different types of biological activities. Sea urchin helps to understand human embryology. Desert toad helps to study the early determination of pregnancy. Rhesus monkeys are used to understand the knowledge of human blood groups. Antlers of Deer help in determining the degree of radioactive contamination of the natural environment on the earth.
Wildlife has great worldwide aesthetic values also. Wildlife beauty appeal to the human spirit. People feel pleasure satisfaction and happiness in wildlife.
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