Vernalization: Site, Requirement, Process and Importance of Vernalization
Verbalization is the Method of inducing early flowering in plants by pretreatment of their seeds at low temperatures. The term “Verbalization” is coined by very famous Russian agronomist Lysenko. Verbalization requires proper aerobic respiration for stimulation. The stimulus of verbalization has been named as “Vernally”. The term Vernally is coined by Melchers in 1938. Verbalization is a plant hormone which stimulates the process of Verbalization.
Here we are trying to discuss every important point such as application of Verbalization Site, Requirements, Process and Importance, verbalization diagram, the effect of verbalization and mechanism of verbalization.
According to Chourad vernalization is defined as “The acquisition or acceleration of the ability of flower by chilling treatment“. He gave his definition of vernalization in 1960.
In 1857 Klipport first noticed the requirement of low temperature for flowering while working with winter varieties of cereals. He was working on Wheat, Barley Oat, Rye plant species. Klipport noticed that these cereals varieties when sown in Spring failed to produce flowers the same year but grow vegetatively. Such winter varieties when sown in the Autumn they produce flowers in Spring of the same year.
Site of vernalization
Meristematic cells only perceived the stimulus of vernalization. Meristematic cells are present in Shoot tip, Embryo tips, Root apex, Developing leaves etc.
Requirement of vernalization
1. Low temperature
Usually 0- 4 degree Celsius low temperature required for vernalization in most cases. The chilling treatment of temperature should not be immediately followed by high-temperature (about 40 degrees celsius) treatment. If we give the chilling treatment just after high-temperature treatment the property of vernalization is lost.
2. Duration of chilling treatment
There is no fixed duration of chilling treatment for vernalization. Duration of low-temperature treatment varies from species to species from a few hours to a few days.
3. Actively Dividing Cells
As we already know that vernalization stimulus is perceived only by actively dividing cells of meristematic cells. Therefore, we have to give vernalization treatment to the germinating SEEDS or whole plant with meristematic tissues and other conditions.
4. Water
Water is the reason for life. So proper hydration is a must for perceiving the stimulus of vernalization by actively dividing cells of meristematic tissues.
5. Oxygen
Vernalisation also required proper aerobic respiration. The stimulus of vernalization has been named as “Vernalin”. The term Vernalin is coined by Mechlers in 1938.
Process of vernalization
Treatment given to the germinating seeds. The seeds are moistened and sufficiently to allow their germination in the soil. Seeds are then exposed to chilling temperature 4 a few weeks. After getting low-temperature treatment seeds sown to the field. This temperature is 0-4 degree Celsius. Lysenko developed the two steps process of vernalization.
1. Thermostage
In this step germinating seeds are treated with 0-5 degree celsius temperature in presence of Sunlight moisture and oxygen.
2. Photostage
In this step correct photoperiod given to the germinating seeds. This step is very important to initiate the reproductive phase of the plant. After low-temperature treatment, plants must be subjected to the correct photoperiod.
Importance of vernalization
Devernalization
The Lost of vernalization property of flowering in plants is called Devernalization. Devernalization process can initiate by giving chilling treatment just after high-temperature treatment. By this process, the plant lost its flowering property.
Important points related to vernalization
FAQs
How does vernalization work?
Verbalization induces flowering in plants. It reduces the period between germination and flowering. so that we can grow more than one crop in a year in the same field
Why is vernalization important?
Vernalization reduces the Vegetative period of a plant and induces flowering by reducing the period between germination and flowering. so that we can grow more than one crop in a year in the same field. It enhances the resistance power to cold and diseases in plants. It can Remove kernel wrinkles in wheat plants.
Who discovered vernalization?
Lysenko is considered as discoverer of Vernalization. The term “Vernalization” is coined by very famous Russian agronomist Lysenko in 1928
What is the vernalization process?
There are two processes of Vernalization 1. Thermostage -Germinating seeds are treated with 0-5 degree celsius temperature in presence of Sunlight moisture and oxygen. 2. Photostage – In this step correct photoperiod is given to the germinating seed.
Which hormone is responsible for vernalization?
Vernalin plant hormone is responsible for vernalization. Vernalin produced on vernalization which induces flowering in plants.
What is Vernalin?
Vernalin is a Plant hormone which produced on vernalization. Vernalin induced flowering in plants. Vernalin was discovered by Melcher(1936)
What is the site of vernalization?
Meristematic cells only perceived the stimulus of vernalization. Meristematic cells are present in Shoot tip, Embryo tips, Root apex, Developing leaves etc.
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